Acta Chemica Malaysia

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Iyekowa Osaro, Ogbeide Osahon Kennedy,Igbinumwen Osamwonyi, Innih Silvanus Olu,Oyelakin Oladele, Deborah Oluwatoyin Asiriuwa , Gilbert Izuagbe Osigbemhe, Adegbenga David Idowu and Clifford Oyakhilomen Ehisuoria
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2025.63.69

A prominent medicinal plant used as condiment and in the traditional treatment and management of diseases like high blood pressure, high blood sugar level and anaemia is the Hibiscus sabdariffa. In this study, experimental research was conducted for the chemical constituents, in vitro antisickling activity in haemoglobin-SS and haematological indices in wistar rat fed with hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract. Saponins, glycosides, steroids, among others were indicated with the exception of eugenols and tannins. There were no toxic signs/symptoms and mortality even after 72 hours (3 days) of treatment. The in-vitro antisickling studies of the extract given by photomicrographs indicated a decrease in the number of sickle cells from 38.24%, 22.58% down to 9.10% respectively with 100 mg/mL crude extract of H. Sabdariffa at time zero, 45 and 90 minutes. Hibiscetine (Rt. 11.050; 48.29 %), a flavonoid compound was detected as the major component among myrtillin (Rt. 12.166; 13.89 %), an anthocyanin flavonoid. These compounds have indicated physiological properties including antioxidation of cells and anti-inflammation of cells. There was an observed macrocytic morphology of the haemoglobin cells in the entire field examined but no sign of sickling was indicated. This suggest that the extract have antisickling activity.

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Silavanus Olu Innih, Deborah Calmday-Ombo
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2025.55.62

Cadmium, a pervasive environmental pollutant, is known for its hepatotoxic potential due to its ability to induce oxidative stress and disrupt cellular integrity. This study evaluated the histopathological and therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (stem bark) on cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats. A total of thirty-six (36) rats were randomly assigned into six groups (A–F)comprising six rats each. Group A served as control; Group B received cadmium chloride (10 mg/kg); Groups C and D were administered low (150 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) doses of S. jollyanum extract, respectively; Groups E and F received cadmium chloride alongside low and high doses of S. jollyanum extract, respectively. Treatments were administered orally for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment period, liver tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results revealed that cadmium chloride exposure led to significant histopathological alterations in liver architecture, including hepatocellular necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and inflammatory infiltration. However, co-administration with S. jollyanum extract, particularly at high dose (300 mg/kg), mitigated these pathological lesions and restored hepatic architecture. This protective effect was dose-dependent and may be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract. Conclusively, this study demonstrates that Sphenocentrum jollyanum stem bark extract confers hepatoprotective effects against cadmium-induced liver injury in Wistar rats, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing heavy metal-induced hepatic disorders. Further studies, including molecular assays and isolation of active phytoconstituents, are recommended to support clinical relevance.

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Ifediorah E. I, A.K. Babayemi, O. L. Eluno, E. E. Eluno
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2025.44.54

In this study, the chemical modification of glycerin; from cottonseed oil to grease, a lubricant of economic significance, and the utilization of lye, a bio alkali from a waste product of plant origin has been explored. Glycerin was obtained through transesterification of cottonseed oil, characterized and designed using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry FTIR and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Samples of bio-alkali and Moringa oleifera extract were prepared and characterized using FTIR. The produced grease samples were characterized using FTIR. The performance of the grease samples were analyzed based on their dropping point, BOD, water and corrosion. The functional groups of glycerin include polar atoms, single and double bond structures, which show that the glycerin is good for lubricating grease. The Moringa oleifera leaf was found to be rich in alkaloids, flavonoids, and a high number of saponins. Functional groups of lye and Moringa oleifera show suitable thickening and corrosion inhibitory properties respectively. Experimental glycerin yield was obtained as 49.01%. Dropping points of 167.77oC and 166.32oC were obtained for grease samples produced using lye and NaOH soaps respectively. meanwhile 14.94 ppm, and 17.67 ppm were the corresponding respective BOD values. Comparative analysis of the grease parameters showed that grease with a thickener of palm residue competes favorably with that of NaOH as a thickener. The quadratic model effectively describes the glycerin yield. The point at which it drops is able to handle temperatures produced with gearboxes, and the bio-alkali grease’s consistency is within ASTM standards, making it appropriate for a variety of applications.