Acta Chemica Malaysia

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Ifediorah E.I., Ezeugo J.O.
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.02.2025.104.110

This study uses graphite, eggshell, and snail shell as friction modifiers in the formulation of bio-hydraulic fluids from palm kernel oil through experimentation and optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The analyzed samples of graphite, eggshell, and snail shell were characterized using XRD. The bio-hydraulic fluids with graphite, eggshell, and snail shell were optimized using RSM. Sample compositions reveal that graphite contains silicon oxide (30.1%), eggshell contains silicon oxide (10.41%), and snail shell contains silicon oxide (23.4%), indicating that eggshell and snail shell can compete favorably with graphite. FT-IR spectra of the bio-hydraulic fluids with graphite, eggshell, and snail shell reveal functional groups, each having double bond structures and heteroatoms. The optimum conditions for bio-hydraulic fluid viscosity with graphite, eggshell, and snail shell are glycerin/methanol ratio of 20, eggshell dosage of 0.6, and temperature of 60 °C, yielding viscosities of 36.36 cP, 33.61 cP, and 35.21 cP, respectively. The quadratic method describes the relationship between the response (viscosity) and the considered factors adequately. The physicochemical properties of the bio-hydraulic fluids with graphite, eggshell, and snail shell show pour points of -43.9 °C, -40.6 °C, and -39.5 °C, flash points of 253 °C, 245 °C, and 242 °C, viscosities of 36.53 cP, 33.79 cP, and 35.36 cP, and BOD values of 8.51 ppm, 8.12 ppm, and 8.30 ppm, respectively. These values indicate that the bio-hydraulic fluids are suitable for various hydraulic industrial applications. Graphite, eggshell, and snail shell were established as effective friction modifiers in bio-hydraulic fluid formulation.

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Oduma-Sandy Cordelia, Eze Gerald Ikechi, Akinbo Frederick, Imafidon Endurance Osakiduwa, Olukayode Seun Bidemi, Innih
Silvanus Olu
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.02.2025.100.103

Neoplasia is characterized by the uncontrolled and excessive growth of abnormal tissue, resulting in the formation of a neoplasm. Although often used interchangeably, the terms “neoplasm” and “tumor” have distinct meanings (Ho et al., 2017). A tumor refers specifically to a swelling or lump, typically associated with inflammation. In contrast, a neoplasm encompasses any abnormal new growth, lesion, or ulcer. Both tumors and neoplasms involve abnormal cell growth, which can be either malignant or benign. Cancer, a malignant neoplasm, poses a significant threat worldwide (Ma et al., 2011). Each year, tens of millions of new cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide, with over half resulting in mortality. Existing cancer therapies have limited effective-ness, as evidenced by cancer statistics and are often accompanied by severe side effects (Kazem-ipoor et al, 2012). Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally (Gellad and Provenzale, 2010). Plant-based remedies have been reported to be free from undesirable side effects (Philomena, 2011). Moreover, ap-proximately 8% of hospital admissions worldwide are attributed to adverse effects of synthetic drugs highlighting the need for safer treatment alternatives. Research suggests that certain phyto-chemicals, such as glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and Brassica juncea, may have cancer-preventive properties. B. juncea, derived from mustard plants, are a rich source of these phytochemicals (Philomena, 2011) B. juncea are typically 1-2 millimeters in diameter and range in color from yellowish-white to black (Nasri, 2013). They are a common spice in regional cuisine and come in three main varieties: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown Indian mustard (B. juncea), and white/yellow mustard (B. hirta/Sinapis alba). When ground and mixed with liquids, the seeds produce the familiar yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. Mustard has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and its potential anticancer properties are currently being researched. Both table mustard and mustard greens have shown promise as cancer inhibitors. B. juncea contain a range of nutritionally rele-vant compounds, including: 20 different glucosinolates, Vitamins A, B6, and C dietary folate, Omega-3 fatty acids, minerals like magnesium, potassium, selenium, manganese, phosphorus, and copper (Haq, 2004). B. juncea, in particular, has been extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine for its potential to heal the bronchial system, eliminate intestinal parasites, ease sprains and other pains. Physicians in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations also used B. juncea for various health purposes. The plant is said to help alleviate conditions like flatulence, colds, catarrh, chest and bladder ailments. Additionally, it is used in footbaths to combat fatigue and promote circulation (Wen et al., 2012).

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author: Iyekowa Osaro, Ogbeide Osahon Kennedy,Igbinumwen Osamwonyi, Innih Silvanus Olu,Oyelakin Oladele, Deborah Oluwatoyin Asiriuwa , Gilbert Izuagbe Osigbemhe, Adegbenga David Idowu and Clifford Oyakhilomen Ehisuoria
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2025.55.62

A prominent medicinal plant used as condiment and in the traditional treatment and management of diseases like high blood pressure, high blood sugar level and anaemia is the Hibiscus sabdariffa. In this study, experimental research was conducted for the chemical constituents, in vitro antisickling activity in haemoglobin-SS and haematological indices in wistar rat fed with hibiscus sabdariffa calyces extract. Saponins, glycosides, steroids, among others were indicated with the exception of eugenols and tannins. There were no toxic signs/symptoms and mortality even after 72 hours (3 days) of treatment. The in-vitro antisickling studies of the extract given by photomicrographs indicated a decrease in the number of sickle cells from 38.24%, 22.58% down to 9.10% respectively with 100 mg/mL crude extract of H. Sabdariffa at time zero, 45 and 90 minutes. Hibiscetine (Rt. 11.050; 48.29 %), a flavonoid compound was detected as the major component among myrtillin (Rt. 12.166; 13.89 %), an anthocyanin flavonoid. These compounds have indicated physiological properties including antioxidation of cells and anti-inflammation of cells. There was an observed macrocytic morphology of the haemoglobin cells in the entire field examined but no sign of sickling was indicated. This suggest that the extract have antisickling activity.