Acta Chemica Malaysia

Textile industries uses a numerous amount of heavy metals in different processes and significant losses during the process and are discharged in the effluent. With the new advancement and development in world, severe problems including the waste water containing hazardous heavy metals deteriorating the ground water. Only about 8% of industrial waste water is treated before discharge. Use of bio-sorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater is a cost-effective method due to their nature of agricultural waste. This study use to remove the heavy metals (Cr, Pb and Ni) from wastewater through agriculture based bio-sorbents, rice husk and eggshells of hen. The pretreatment applied to rice husk by treating with formaldehyde for removal of chromium. The pretreatment for egg shells is calcination at 800° C for 2 hours. Bio-sorbents have applied in varied doses like 1g, 2g at temperature between 25°C and 28°C. The maximum efficiency of rice husk is for chromium that is 95% for synthetic solution and 100% for Nickle removal by applying 1g dose to wastewater. The removal efficiency of eggshells is 61% for synthetic solution of lead (Pb). Therefore, it is concluded rice husk is more efficient as bio-sorbent as compared to eggshells, but removal efficiency of rice husk decreases with increasing doze of rice husk

In all over the world air pollution is becoming a serious problem with enhancing of industrialization and development. Transport is a major key component of development and also a major source of ambient air pollution. The main constitute of air pollution are particulate matters and gaseous emissions. The present study was carried out to measure the concentration of gases e.g.CO, NO and PM2.5 released from vehicles at railway station Lahore, Pakistan. The CNG rickshaws were selected at the rickshaw stand of the railway station for monitoring of gaseous emissions and PM2.5. Results showed that the concentration of gaseous emissions and PM2.5 were significantly higher than the permissible limits given by NEQS. The CNG rickshaws have less emissions of SO2 but the concentration of other gases released from these rickshaws were high. Moreover, the vehicles are the major contributor of gaseous emissions and PM2.5 pollution which have hazardous effects on air quality of the area. Emissions of different gases from vehicles are causing serious problems for the health of living beings. Emissions can be mitigated by using catalytic converter, alternate fuel, modification in engines and using pollution control devices which leads towards cleaner and sustainable environment.

The current search targeted the type Merremia dissecta (JACQ) from the family Convolvulacea. It is one of the plants that have not been studied in Iraq previously and saw a rapid spread after 2003 which were seen developing in the fields and spaces of the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Baghdad in,), so the study aimed to documentation the plant locally and conducted chemical analysis of Merremia leaves showed presence of fat, protein, carbohydrate, ash, fiber and dry matter with percentage 0.57, 24.25, 22.74, 5.69, 10.28and, 94.31%respectively. By qualitative detection were indicated the presence of tannins, alkaloids and with greater extend glycosides and flavonoids. The percentage of phenols 52.98 and 87.7, while for flavonoids were 2.65 and 7.5 mg / 100mg for aqueous and Ethanolic extract respectively. The aqueous extract has an inhibition activity against negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with a rate of inhibition diameter 10 and 7 mm respectively. It also has an inhibition effect toward Aspergillus oryzae with inhibition percentage 26.56, 29.68 and 39.06 % at concentration 1000, 2000, 300 ppm respectively and with inhibition percentage reached 27.5, 30.0 and 45.0 % toward Penicillium. spp at the same concentrations also noted increasing of inhibition percentage with increased concentration against two types of mold. Identification some active groups by FTIR technology and existence of: O-H, C-C, C=C, C-O, C=O, C-H and N-H with different stretching frequencies. The Ethanolic extract showed only a stretching frequency between 3000-3250 cm-1 indicating group N-H.