Acta Chemica Malaysia

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author:Nor Sarah Amira Ismail, Mardawani Mohamad
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2024.62.65

The application of bioactive components in modern industries has increased dramatically. Consumers’ rising awareness of health and well-being has induced industries such as food, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals to develop products containing bioactive ingredients. The increased demand led to researching other sources for extracting and incorporating the bioactive substances. Ultrasonic enzymatic extraction has developed a highly effective approach for extracting bioactive compounds from plant sources. This novel methodology combines the advantages of ultrasonic waves with the specificity and selectivity of enzymes, providing a promising alternative to existing extraction methods. Although efficient in producing better yields, ultrasonic extraction has met certain limitations, which cause heat generation and high energy consumption. The ultrasonic process can generate heat, potentially leading to the degradation of heat-sensitive compounds during extraction. This review focuses on the properties of ultrasonic enzymatic extraction on bioactive compounds, including the effect of enzymes on ultrasonic extraction and its potential in industries. This study briefly describes the development of this integration method and the application of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction across sectors in various fields. In the future, more recognition should be given to ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction to enhance production efficiency.

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author:Ikelle, I. Ikelle, Nworu, S. Jerome and Amitaye, N. Azuka
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2024.31.38

This study investigates the presence and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon carcinogens in the organs of commercially available fish species collected from the Escravos River in Delta State, Nigeria. The Escravos River is known to be heavily impacted by crude oil pollution due to oil exploration and production activities in the region. The bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in fish tissues poses potential risks to both aquatic organisms and human consumers. Samples of various commercially important fish species were collected from different locations along the Escravos River and analyzed for the presence of petroleum hydrocarbon carcinogens using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC FID 5890 SERIES II) techniques. Preliminary findings indicate elevated levels of petroleum hydrocarbon carcinogens, particularly PAHs, in the organs of fish sampled from the polluted areas of the Escravos River. Liver and adipose tissues exhibited higher concentrations of PAHs compared to muscle tissue, suggesting organ-specific bioaccumulation patterns. The presence of these carcinogens in commercially available fish species highlights potential health risks to consumers, particularly those reliant on fish as a dietary staple. This study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive environmental monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the impact of crude oil pollution on aquatic ecosystems and human health in the Escravos River region. Further research is warranted to assess the long-term effects of petroleum contamination on fish populations and human communities’ dependent on aquatic resources in the study area.

Journal: Acta Chemica Malaysia (ACMY)
Author:Avwerosuo, Ea, Nworu, J. Sa, Arisabor, Lb, Akporere, G.Ua
ISSN: 2576-6732
e-ISSN: 2576-6724

This is an open access journal distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

DOI: 10.26480/acmy.01.2024.25.30

This study aimed to assess the contamination levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soil matrices of Nigeria Maritime University premises. Soil samples were meticulously sieved using a nylon sieve with a diameter of <125μm and prepared in triplicates, with reagent blanks included to monitor contamination. Twenty-five topsoil samples were collected and analyzed for PTEs using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). Pollution levels in the soils were evaluated using the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The mean concentrations of toxic elements in the soil followed the descending order: Cd < As < Fe < Pb < Co < Ni < Cu < Zn < Cr < Mn. Concentration ranges were Cd (0.13-0.95 ppm), As (0.49-4.50 ppm), Fe (6.42-24.80 ppm), Pb (5.96-31.45 ppm), Co (2.93-51.80 ppm), Ni (4.27-82.48 ppm), Cu (7.42-84.90 ppm), Zn (9.10-184.36 ppm), Cr (29.80-234.00 ppm), and Mn (84.30-486.00 ppm). All toxic elements exceeded crustal average values used as background values, except for Cr and Fe in some samples. Ni, As, Co, and Cr exceeded FAO/WHO guidelines, while only Cr surpassed EU standards in certain soil samples. Pollution Indices (PIs) indicated low to high contamination levels for Cu, Zn, Cd, and Mn, low to moderate contamination levels for Pb, Ni, Co, As, and Cr, and low contamination for Fe. The Pollution Load Index revealed that the soil ranged from unpolluted to moderately polluted, with values from 0.28 to 2.76. The toxic elements exhibited Ecological Index Ratios (Eir) of <40, indicating low potential ecological risk, except for Cd, Co, Fe, As, and Ni, which showed low to moderate ecological risk. Cd posed the highest contribution to the Ecological Risk Index (PERI), ranging between 18.24 and 109.67, indicating a moderate risk level..